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Murshid Quli Khan
Murshid Quli Khan, also known as Mohammad Hadi was the first Nawab of Bengal, serving in the post from 1717 to 30 June 1727.
Born as a Hindu Brahmin in the Deccan Plateau in 1670, Quli Khan was bought by Mughal noble Haji Shafi. After his death, he worked under the Divan of Vidarbha, during which he got the attention of Aurangzeb, who sent him to Bengal as the Divan 1700. However he entered into a bloody conflict with the province's ''subahdar'', Azim-us-Shan. After Aurangzeb's death, he was transferred to the Deccan Plateau by Azim-us-Shan's father and the then Mughal emperor Bahadur Shah I in 1707. But he was brought back as deputy ''subahdar'' in 1710. In 1717, he was appointed as the ''Nawab Nazim'' of Murshidabad by Farrukhsiyar. During his reign, he changed the ''jagirdari'' system with the ''mal jasmani'' which would later transform into ''zamindari'' system. He also continued sending revenues from the state to the Mughal empire. He built the Katra Masjid at Murshidabad where he was buried under the steps of stairs when he died on 30 June 1727. He was succeeded by his grandson Sarfaraz Khan.
==Early life==
According to Sir Jadunath Sarkar, he was originally a Hindu Brahmin who was born in Deccan in 1670.〔Sarkar, p.400〕 The book Ma'asir al-umara echoes the same fact.〔Chowdhury, p.16〕 According to Calcutta University professor Sushil Chowdhury, he was bought by a Persian man named Haji Shafi when he was approximately ten years old and was raised with the name Mohammad Hadi. 〔 In 1690 Shafi left his position in the Mughal court and returned to Persia where he was accompanied by Quli Khan. After his death around five years later, he returned to India and worked under Abdullah Khurasani, the ''Diwan of Vidarbha'' in the Mughal empire. Due to his expertise in the matter, he was noticed by the then Mughal emperor Aurangzeb.〔
Unlike other Islamic rulers, Quli Khan married had one wife Nasiri Banu Begum. He also did not have any concubines. He had only one child name Zinat-un-Nissa, a daughter who later became the wife of Nawab Shuja-ud-Din Muhammad Khan and mother of Sarfaraz Khan.〔Chowdhury, p.87〕
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